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Zbigniew of Poland
Zbigniew (also known as Zbygniew;〔According to A. Brücknera, filologist, slavist, historian of literature and art culture. O. Balzer: ''Genealogia Piastów'', p. 114.〕 ca. 1073〔Some sources gives date of birth after 1070 (WIEM Encyklopedia) and date of death 1112 (Gieysztor 1979, (p. 138, 668 )).〕 – 8 July 1113?〔M. Spórna, P. Wierzbicki: ''Słownik władców Polski i pretendentów do tronu polskiego'', p. 501; B. Snoch: ''Protoplasta książąt śląskich'', Katowice, 1985, p. 13, ISBN 83-216-0644-X.〕), was a Prince of Poland (in Greater Poland, Kuyavia and Masovia) during 1102-1107. He was first-born son of Władysław I Herman and probably Przecława, a member of the Prawdzic family.〔According to J. Wagilewicza, Zbigniew's mother was named Krystyna; O. Balzer: ''Genealogia Piastów'', p. 107. Today it is widely accepted that the mother of Zbigniew was Przecława, a member of the Prawdzic family. See A. Nawrot: ''Encyklopedia Historia'', Kraków 2007, p. 738. ISBN 978-83-7327-782-3.〕
Zbigniew was considered illegitimate, and after the birth of his half-brother Bolesław was destined to the Church. At the end of the 11th century, when the real power in the country was by the Palatine Sieciech, the opposition of some Silesian magnates caused the return of Zbigniew to Poland and forced Władysław I his recognition as his successor. The intrigues of Sieciech and Władysław I's second wife Judith Maria caused that Zbigniew and his younger half-brother became allies, and both at the end forced their father to divide the country between them and the exile of the Palatine.
After the death of his father, Zbigniew obtained the northern part of the country as an equal ruler with Bolesław. However, soon erupted the conflicts between them, because Zbigniew, as the eldest one, considered himself the rightful and sole heir of Poland. He began to search allies against Bolesław. During 1102-1106 took place a fratricidal war for the supremacy, in which Zbigniew suffered a complete defeat and was forced to go into exile in Germany. Under the pretext of restoring him, in 1109 Emperor Henry V invaded Poland, but was defeated at Głogów.
In subsequent years, Boleslaw failed to defeat the neighboring Bohemia, and in 1111 he had to make peace with them and his overlord, the Emperor. One of the conditions of Henry V was the return of Zbigniew to Poland, where he received a minor domain. For unknown reasons, shortly after his return, Zbigniew was blinded, and then he died.
==Early years==
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